由于Facebook重命名为Meta，因此对Metaverse是什么，其工作原理以及可能利用它的可能方法进行了很多关注，辩论和探索。可以预料，Metaverse将成为迅速新兴技术，用户酶，能力和经验的连续性，这些技术将弥补这一目标的下一个互联网发展。一些研究人员已经调查了有关人工智能（AI）和无线通信的文献，以实现元评估。但是，由于技术的迅速出现，需要对AI，6G和两者在实现元元体验中的AI，6G和Nexus的作用进行全面和深入的评论。因此，在这项调查中，我们首先介绍了增强现实（AR），虚拟现实（VR），混合现实（MR）和空间计算的背景和持续进展，其次是AI和6G的技术方面。然后，我们通过回顾深度学习，计算机视觉和边缘AI中最新的AI来调查AI在元评估中的作用。接下来，我们研究了B5G/6G对Metaverse的有前途的服务，然后确定AI在6G网络和6G网络中的作用在AI中为支持元应用程序。最后，我们征集了现有的和潜在的应用程序，用户赛和项目，以强调元元中进步的重要性。此外，为了向研究人员提供潜在的研究指示，我们从上述技术的文献综述中提出了挑战，研究差距和经验教训。

过去十年迅速采用了人工智能（AI），特别是深度学习网络，在医学互联网上（IOMT）生态系统。然而，最近已经表明，深度学习网络可以通过对抗性攻击来利用，这不仅使得IOMT易受数据盗窃，而且对医学诊断的操纵。现有的研究考虑将噪声添加到原始IOMT数据或模型参数中，这不仅可以降低医学推断的整体性能，而且对从梯度方法的深度泄漏的喜好是无效的。在这项工作中，我们提出了近端渐变分流学习（PSGL）方法，用于防范模型反演攻击。所提出的方法故意在客户端进行深度神经网络培训过程时攻击IOMT数据。我们建议使用近端梯度方法来恢复梯度图和决策级融合策略以提高识别性能。广泛的分析表明，PGSL不仅为模型反演攻击提供有效的防御机制，而且有助于提高公共可用数据集的识别性能。我们分别在重建和对冲攻击图像中准确地报告17.9美元\％$和36.9美元。

在本文中，我们提出了GT-GDA，这是一种分布式优化方法来解决表单的鞍点问题：$ \ min _ {\ Mathbf {x}}} \ max _ {\ Mathbf {y Mathbf {y}}} \ {f（ 。 $，其中函数$ g（\ cdot）$，$ h（\ cdot）$，以及耦合矩阵$ \ overline {p} $的耦合矩阵{p} $是在强烈连接的节点网络上分发的。 GT-GDA是一种使用梯度跟踪来消除节点之间异质数据分布引起的差异的一阶方法。在最通用的形式中，GT-GDA包括与本地耦合矩阵的共识，以达到最佳（独特的）鞍点，但是，以增加通信为代价。为了避免这种情况，我们提出了一个更有效的变体GT-GDA-LITE，该变体不会引起额外的交流并在各种情况下分析其收敛性。我们表明，当$ g（\ cdot）$平滑且凸，$ h（\ cdot）$平稳且强烈凸时，GT-GDA线性收敛到唯一的鞍点解决方案，并且全局耦合矩阵$ \ overline {p } $具有完整的列等级。我们进一步表征了GT-GDA表现出与网络拓扑无关的收敛行为的制度。接下来，我们显示GT-GDA的线性收敛到围绕唯一鞍点的错误，当耦合成本$ {\ langle \ mathbf y，\ overline {p} \ mathbf x \ rangle} $是零时为零。所有节点，或当$ g（\ cdot）$和$ h（\ cdot）$是二次时。数值实验说明了GT-GDA和GT-GDA-LITE对多种应用的收敛属性和重要性。

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is considered one of the primary concerns due to its effect on vision loss among most people with diabetes globally. The severity of DR is mostly comprehended manually by ophthalmologists from fundus photography-based retina images. This paper deals with an automated understanding of the severity stages of DR. In the literature, researchers have focused on this automation using traditional machine learning-based algorithms and convolutional architectures. However, the past works hardly focused on essential parts of the retinal image to improve the model performance. In this paper, we adopt transformer-based learning models to capture the crucial features of retinal images to understand DR severity better. We work with ensembling image transformers, where we adopt four models, namely ViT (Vision Transformer), BEiT (Bidirectional Encoder representation for image Transformer), CaiT (Class-Attention in Image Transformers), and DeiT (Data efficient image Transformers), to infer the degree of DR severity from fundus photographs. For experiments, we used the publicly available APTOS-2019 blindness detection dataset, where the performances of the transformer-based models were quite encouraging.

This paper presents our solutions for the MediaEval 2022 task on DisasterMM. The task is composed of two subtasks, namely (i) Relevance Classification of Twitter Posts (RCTP), and (ii) Location Extraction from Twitter Texts (LETT). The RCTP subtask aims at differentiating flood-related and non-relevant social posts while LETT is a Named Entity Recognition (NER) task and aims at the extraction of location information from the text. For RCTP, we proposed four different solutions based on BERT, RoBERTa, Distil BERT, and ALBERT obtaining an F1-score of 0.7934, 0.7970, 0.7613, and 0.7924, respectively. For LETT, we used three models namely BERT, RoBERTa, and Distil BERTA obtaining an F1-score of 0.6256, 0.6744, and 0.6723, respectively.

Objective: Despite numerous studies proposed for audio restoration in the literature, most of them focus on an isolated restoration problem such as denoising or dereverberation, ignoring other artifacts. Moreover, assuming a noisy or reverberant environment with limited number of fixed signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) levels is a common practice. However, real-world audio is often corrupted by a blend of artifacts such as reverberation, sensor noise, and background audio mixture with varying types, severities, and duration. In this study, we propose a novel approach for blind restoration of real-world audio signals by Operational Generative Adversarial Networks (Op-GANs) with temporal and spectral objective metrics to enhance the quality of restored audio signal regardless of the type and severity of each artifact corrupting it. Methods: 1D Operational-GANs are used with generative neuron model optimized for blind restoration of any corrupted audio signal. Results: The proposed approach has been evaluated extensively over the benchmark TIMIT-RAR (speech) and GTZAN-RAR (non-speech) datasets corrupted with a random blend of artifacts each with a random severity to mimic real-world audio signals. Average SDR improvements of over 7.2 dB and 4.9 dB are achieved, respectively, which are substantial when compared with the baseline methods. Significance: This is a pioneer study in blind audio restoration with the unique capability of direct (time-domain) restoration of real-world audio whilst achieving an unprecedented level of performance for a wide SDR range and artifact types. Conclusion: 1D Op-GANs can achieve robust and computationally effective real-world audio restoration with significantly improved performance. The source codes and the generated real-world audio datasets are shared publicly with the research community in a dedicated GitHub repository1.

Uncertainty quantification is crucial to inverse problems, as it could provide decision-makers with valuable information about the inversion results. For example, seismic inversion is a notoriously ill-posed inverse problem due to the band-limited and noisy nature of seismic data. It is therefore of paramount importance to quantify the uncertainties associated to the inversion process to ease the subsequent interpretation and decision making processes. Within this framework of reference, sampling from a target posterior provides a fundamental approach to quantifying the uncertainty in seismic inversion. However, selecting appropriate prior information in a probabilistic inversion is crucial, yet non-trivial, as it influences the ability of a sampling-based inference in providing geological realism in the posterior samples. To overcome such limitations, we present a regularized variational inference framework that performs posterior inference by implicitly regularizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence loss with a CNN-based denoiser by means of the Plug-and-Play methods. We call this new algorithm Plug-and-Play Stein Variational Gradient Descent (PnP-SVGD) and demonstrate its ability in producing high-resolution, trustworthy samples representative of the subsurface structures, which we argue could be used for post-inference tasks such as reservoir modelling and history matching. To validate the proposed method, numerical tests are performed on both synthetic and field post-stack seismic data.

In recent years distributional reinforcement learning has produced many state of the art results. Increasingly sample efficient Distributional algorithms for the discrete action domain have been developed over time that vary primarily in the way they parameterize their approximations of value distributions, and how they quantify the differences between those distributions. In this work we transfer three of the most well-known and successful of those algorithms (QR-DQN, IQN and FQF) to the continuous action domain by extending two powerful actor-critic algorithms (TD3 and SAC) with distributional critics. We investigate whether the relative performance of the methods for the discrete action space translates to the continuous case. To that end we compare them empirically on the pybullet implementations of a set of continuous control tasks. Our results indicate qualitative invariance regarding the number and placement of distributional atoms in the deterministic, continuous action setting.

Automated synthesis of histology images has several potential applications in computational pathology. However, no existing method can generate realistic tissue images with a bespoke cellular layout or user-defined histology parameters. In this work, we propose a novel framework called SynCLay (Synthesis from Cellular Layouts) that can construct realistic and high-quality histology images from user-defined cellular layouts along with annotated cellular boundaries. Tissue image generation based on bespoke cellular layouts through the proposed framework allows users to generate different histological patterns from arbitrary topological arrangement of different types of cells. SynCLay generated synthetic images can be helpful in studying the role of different types of cells present in the tumor microenvironmet. Additionally, they can assist in balancing the distribution of cellular counts in tissue images for designing accurate cellular composition predictors by minimizing the effects of data imbalance. We train SynCLay in an adversarial manner and integrate a nuclear segmentation and classification model in its training to refine nuclear structures and generate nuclear masks in conjunction with synthetic images. During inference, we combine the model with another parametric model for generating colon images and associated cellular counts as annotations given the grade of differentiation and cell densities of different cells. We assess the generated images quantitatively and report on feedback from trained pathologists who assigned realism scores to a set of images generated by the framework. The average realism score across all pathologists for synthetic images was as high as that for the real images. We also show that augmenting limited real data with the synthetic data generated by our framework can significantly boost prediction performance of the cellular composition prediction task.

Autonomous mobile agents such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and mobile robots have shown huge potential for improving human productivity. These mobile agents require low power/energy consumption to have a long lifespan since they are usually powered by batteries. These agents also need to adapt to changing/dynamic environments, especially when deployed in far or dangerous locations, thus requiring efficient online learning capabilities. These requirements can be fulfilled by employing Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) since SNNs offer low power/energy consumption due to sparse computations and efficient online learning due to bio-inspired learning mechanisms. However, a methodology is still required to employ appropriate SNN models on autonomous mobile agents. Towards this, we propose a Mantis methodology to systematically employ SNNs on autonomous mobile agents to enable energy-efficient processing and adaptive capabilities in dynamic environments. The key ideas of our Mantis include the optimization of SNN operations, the employment of a bio-plausible online learning mechanism, and the SNN model selection. The experimental results demonstrate that our methodology maintains high accuracy with a significantly smaller memory footprint and energy consumption (i.e., 3.32x memory reduction and 2.9x energy saving for an SNN model with 8-bit weights) compared to the baseline network with 32-bit weights. In this manner, our Mantis enables the employment of SNNs for resource- and energy-constrained mobile agents.